If you believe that multiple independent universities using a variety of sophisticated analyses can all be wrong, and all mistakenly identify exactly the same chemical, then I have a bridge in Brooklyn I can sell you :)Ĥ) The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for Citricidal lists it as “Diphenol hydroxybenzene”. The logical conclusion is that they are added.ģ) The manufacturers of Citricidal have claimed that the researchers that have identified benzethonium chloride in their product are mistaken.
#GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT FREE#
A great many cosmetic products that claim on their label to be free of synthetic preservatives are not as they use GSE as part of their preservative system.ġ) Benzethonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride do not exist naturally in grapefruit seeds, or in a truly natural extract of grapefruit seeds.Ģ) It is not plausible that the benzethonium chloride or benzalkonium chloride could be formed during the manufacturing process in the high concentrations found in commercial GSE. The lotion tested positive for benzethonium chloride. Many companies sell this product under their own label which explains why so many ‘different’ grapefruit seed extracts contain exactly the same adulterant.Īs grapefruit seed extract is frequently used as a ‘natural preservative’ in cosmetics I also tested a popular natural NZ cosmetic lotion that had grapefruit seed extract as a declared ingredient. It essentially was benzethonium chloride dissolved in glycerin. A sample of Citricidal I obtained directly from the American manufacturer tested positive for benzethonium chloride. These results are consistent with the numerous overseas findings that GSE is adulterated with synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds. HPLC/MS of one typical sample showing the presence of benzethonium chloride. (2001).īy thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) four of the five samples contained benzethonium chloride, the remaining sample contained benzalkonium chloride. The sample extraction and analysis was based on that of Takeoka et al. In 2007 I purchased five samples of GSE from NZ shops or from internet suppliers and analysed them for the presence of benzethonium chloride or benzalkonium chloride. A substantial number of overseas studies have reported it to be adulterated with the synthetic quaternary ammonium anti-bacterials benzethonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride (see )
Indeed a lot of controversy surrounds the use of GSE, both in terms of how natural it is and also how effective it is.
However, much of the GSE on the market is not a simple extract (as the name would imply), but in fact is a highly processed and chemically modified product. It is used in a wide range of ‘natural’ cosmetics as a preservative, and in personal care products because of its claimed bactericide, fungicide, antiviral, and anti-parasitic action. Grapefruit seed extract (GSE), sometimes referred to as citrus seed extract or Citricidal, is promoted and used as a natural broad-spectrum, but non-toxic, antimicrobial and preservative.
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